Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - 1686 Words

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as accumulation of lipids, mainly triglycerides, due to causes other than viruses, alcohol, or genetics. The disease covers a wide spectrum of status, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and is closely related to dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.1 Prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing gradually because of changes in lifestyles such as insufficient physical activities and westernized diet. NAFLD may be asymptomatic, but can be problematic as it is associated with other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, in some studies, it is shown to elevate mortality. Various tools are available for diagnosis of NAFLD, but some limitations do exist. For example, using hepatic ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan to screen asymptomatic patients is considered cost-ineffective, especially in mass screening. Laboratory tests necessarily involve an invasive procedure (i.e. drawing blood). Moreover, these tools cannot be accessed conveniently by non-practitioners, the fact being an obstacle for lay people to be involved in mass screening of NAFLD. The aforementioned reasons call for development of a new, easy-to-use model for screening NAFLD. In fact, however, there have been few simple, noninvasive and cost-effective systems that can predict NAFLD. Our group once developed a simple self-assessment scoring model for screeningShow MoreRelatedNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, one of the most common liver disorders, can have several causes, such as congenital, pharmaceutical, or other miscellaneous sources, but the most clinically important etiology is metabolic disorder. Metabolic Disorder, also known as syndrome X, is a collection of symptoms that occur in clusters, and cause a patient to have a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome has several hallmark signs. Many of these conditions can occur aloneRead MoreNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld), Is A Form Of1212 Words   |  5 PagesNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a form of chronic liver disease ranging in severity from simple fat infiltration (steatosis) to an advanced form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, steatosis with liver inflammation) with subsequent progression to fibrosis.1 The relationship between gut flora and the development of NAFLD have been under study for almost the last decade. Uncontrolled growth of gut bacteria and translocation of gut microorganisms from the intestinal lumen predispose patientsRead MoreThe Effect Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Li ver Disease ( Nafld ) Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease commonly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation-all features of insulin resistant syndrome. However, very limited data are available regarding the association of subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance with NAFLD in a prediabetic state. We, therefore, conducted the study to assess this relationship among this population. Methods: We studied a cross-sectional analytical design of 140 [male/femaleRead MoreThe Effects Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease On Obese Pediatric Population985 Words   |  4 PagesNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Pediatric Population In the United States, increasing numbers of obesity in pediatric population is major concern in health care field. According to Center of Disease Control (CDC), in the United States obesity in children from 6 to 11 years of age in 1980 was seven percent. This rate about three times by 2008, to 20%. Adolescents’ obesity from 12 to 19 years of age in 1980 was five percent and this correspondingly rate more than three times byRead MoreLiver Biopsy Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesChronic liver diseases and liver biopsy. Chronic liver diseases encompass many different causes, including viral infections, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol abuse, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary hemochromatosis, and autoimmune disease. All of these precipitate chronic damage to the liver via necroinflammation and subsequent cellular injury and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins distorting the hepatic architecture by forming hepatic fibrosis with abnorm alRead MoreObesity and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesThis disease was uncommon in the old days because it was unusual to accumulate enough fat to hurt livers. However, many people in the United States are now suffering from NAFLD and NASH. Before 1998, there was no case of NASH heard. In contrast, a statistics from a website called Partners In Liver Wellness provides an alarming information. The site says, â€Å"As a consequence of the on-going obesity epidemic in the U.S., fatty liver is a very common disorder with an estimated two thirds of obese adultsRead MoreAlcohol Consumption And Metabolic Syndrome1361 Words   |  6 PagesBoth alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for development of fatty liver diseases with similar pathology which ultimately can result in development of liver cancer.3, 4, 24-273, 4, 23-26 Using a two-stage mouse model in which tumor initiation by DEN was followed by a 35% high fat diet, we have pr eviously reported increased tumor incidence, suggestive of a diet-related promotional effect.11 Consistent with these findings, in the current study, we observed increased adenomaRead MoreIs Withaferin A, A Magic Bullet For Metabolic Syndrome?1435 Words   |  6 PagesLPS induced lung injury etc 31-34. Recently, Withaferin A also reported as a ligand for nuclear receptor LXR-ÃŽ ±35. This LXR-ÃŽ ± is a well-known nuclear receptor with various functions in metabolism and diseases including cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose homeostasis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 36-40. Here, Withaferin A may regulate all these functions by inducing or suppressing genes through this nuclear receptor mediated transcriptional activation 41-43. All these properties of WithaferinRead MoreApplication of Statistics in Pharmaceutical Industry3871 Words   |  16 Pagespharmaceutical is its application in clinical trials wherein the efficacy of one drug is compared with the other. Clinical trial: a nutritional supplement Viusid, in combination with diet and exercise, in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease SUMMARY Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant health problem for which there is no universally accepted pharmacological treatment. The combination of weight loss and antioxidant drugs to ameliorate insulin resistance and improveRead MoreFatty Liver Disease Case Study1009 Words   |  5 Pageswere selected for this paper. First trial focuses on the management of fatty liver disease with vitamin E and C combined compared to usrodeoxycholic acid treatment. Second trial focuses on only vitamin E, pioglitazone, or placebo on NAFLD patients. Third trials focuses on the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with vitamin E and vitamin C combined. Final trial focuses on pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, similar to the second trial. First trial had patients

Binge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays - 829 Words

English 101 March 13, 2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (Wechsler 2010). Binge drinking can be loosely defined as consuming five or more drinks at one sitting for men and four drinks for women. Binge drinking amongst college students is a social activity that allows students to let loose and â€Å"fit in†.†¦show more content†¦In this article/study one of the variables studied was demographics, including age. The article states that age only plays a modest role in predicting binge drinking. They studied college students under age 21 and over age 21 and the odds ratios were so close that they determined that the minimum age drinking laws virtually have no effect on binge drinking. Based on this study lowering the drinking age will not decrease the amount of binge drinking occurring on college campuses across the nation. Some may argue that lowering the drinking age could possibly decrease binge drinking among college students and the Amethyst Initiative in 2008 offers some good ideas as to why. The Amethyst Initiative is made up of a group of college/university presidents (past and present) that believe the drinking age has contributed to an epidemic of binge drinking across college campuses. These group members basically believe that making alcohol easily accessible makes it not â€Å"forbidden† or a bad thing, so college students will not be prone to binge drink. They even go so far as to use Prohibition as an example of why this logic should be considered in lowering the minimum drinking age. Another argument for wanting to lower the drinking age is that underage drinkers are more inclined to not seek medical attention when necessary after alcohol consumption. An underage student that may potentially have alcohol poisoningShow MoreRelatedWhy Lower the Legal Drinking Age?801 Words   |  3 Pageslower the drinking age below 21 lose 10% of their annual federal highway appropriations (Haevens). This is the main reason the legal drinking age has not been lower below 21 years of age.a large number of the general population desires a lower drinking age. In the 25 years since the legal drinking age was set at 21, seven states have tried to lower it. (Wechsier ).It is unfair for the federal government to withhold money from states if they exercise their rights to set the legal drinking age to whatRead MoreDrinking Age During The United States Of America1325 Words   |  6 PagesPatrick Murray Oakley, Sottile Senior Thesis 05/21/2016 Drinking age in the United States of America Remember being sixteen and the only thing we could possibly do with the rest of our lives was wait to turn eighteen? On our eighteenth birthday we found a renewed sense of the word maturity as we were now able to walk into gas stations or grocery stores to buy lottery tickets or a pack of cigarettes. At this point in our lives we were able to attain a full driver s license, noRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay825 Words   |  4 PagesBinge Drinking would have various of ways to define what in reality means. As for college students would define it as a way to drink non-stop, just for fun, or excessively drinking until drunk. Binge drinking can be interpreted in a scientific form, like NIAAA defines binge drinking as a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL. This typically occurs after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men—in about 2 hours. (National Institute on Alcohol AbuseRead M oreQuicker Liquor Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesShould We Lower the Drinking Age? | 18 vs. 21 | â€Å"Quicker Liquor† A Short Research Paper Should the legal drinking age be lowered? Those who supported the change for the 2009 re-authorization of the law (dubbed Pro 18), and those who wanted the law to remain at the current age of 21 (dubbed Pro 21), had three major categories to explore for this debate: safety, binge drinking and maturity. There is opposition and support on both sides of the issue including a coalition founded inRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Removed1735 Words   |  7 PagesThe legal drinking age should be removed because it teaches safe drinking, it removes the taboo around it, and history proves it does not work at 18. Conor Lewis 12-4-15 English 3rd Alcohol. The source of curiosity among young people everywhere. People everywhere, college students, and even some high school students enjoy it. There’s no doubt this nation enjoys alcohol but what about the people who can’t taste it yet? What about those who are considered adults in every way and permitted toRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Wechsler in Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking, stresses how modern college students think that binge drinking is a norm in college life. I agree with Wechsler that the modern college student thinks binge drinking is normal. In High School, people would binge drink on a regular basis, and that eventually carried over into collegiate life. After being in college for about a month now, I realized that every night students binge drink either at bars, fraternity houses, or tailgatesRead MoreThe Effects of Underage Drinking Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesadults a buse the drinking age policy. It is put in effect for substantial reasons, which contribute in making the safest environment for all. Drinking underage is not only illegal, but also damages one’s health tremendously. Furthermore, drinking in large amounts is extremely dangerous and can cause detrimental things to occur. There have been numerous attempts to create a law to lower the drinking age, but none have gone through. In contrast to what some people may say, the drinking age should not beRead MoreMaking The Law Fair While Saving Lives1740 Words   |  7 Pagesyouth under the age of 21 in the United States is in the form of binge drinking (McCardell). Lowering the drinking age is a big topic among younger adults and concerned college parents. Being 18 people serve in the military and they are known as adults. People 18-20 have to hide when they are drinking which makes them thrive to drink and party more but it s dangerous. This is called binge drinking which is landing them in the hospital. Also, there are a lot of underage drinking that is going onRead MoreAlcohol Is The Most Widely Used Social Drug Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pages‘risky’ drinking can cause serious health, personal and social problems. Heavy drinkers, binge drinkers and very young drinkers are at risk. Binge drinking is a particular problem among younger people, but anyone who drinks heavily or drinks too much in one session is at risk of both immediate and long-term alcohol related harm For children and young people under 18 years, not drinking is the safest option. Those who are under the age of 15 years of age at the greatest risk of harm from drinking alcoholRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of The United States Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesBy the age of twenty-one, most people have at some point consumed an alcoholic beverage. For others, turning twenty-one might mean a whole new world of freedom. Young teens and adults drink for many reasons. Teens may drink because of peer pressure, others because of pure enjoyment, and many for of the thrill of breaking the law. Before the 1980’s, the legal drinking age was eighteen. This would only make sense because at this age a person is declared an adult. Many are in favor of keeping the drinking

Business Law Business Circumstances

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Business Circumstances. Answer: The issue in this case is if a valid contract has been created between Chan and David and if Chan was bound by the promise to the offer open during the time, David decides regarding purchasing the car. The law provides in these cases that our party is not bound by the promised to keep the offer if such a promise is not supported by any consideration. For example in Dickinson v Dodds (1876), the defendant offered to sell his house. The defendant also stated that the offer can be accepted till Friday. But on Thursday, the offer made by a third party was accepted by the defendant. Thereafter, the defendant asked a friend to inform the claimant that the offer is no longer available. But on hearing it, the claimant tried to accept the offer on Friday morning. Later on the claimant brought action in the court for the specific performance of the contract. However the court stated that in this case the offer was effectively revoked. As a result, there was no contractor present between the claimant and the defendant. The court also held that the defendant did not require to keep the offer open. The reason was that no consideration was given by the claimant in return of the promise. Under th ese circumstances, the position under the common law can be described as follows. The party making the offer can withdraw the same at any time before such an offer was accepted or if consideration has been paid by the other party to keep the offer open for a particular period. In such cases, no particular form of the revocation of offer is necessary. Therefore all that is required in these cases is that the party making the offer, should convey in some way, that the offeror had changed his mind regarding the offer. As a result, the offer was no longer available for the other party to be accepted. For example in Dickinson v Dodds, Dickinson was aware of the fact that Dodds was no longer ready to sell the house before purporting to accept the offer. In this case, Chan made an offer to sell his car for $20,000. However, David did not accept the offer immediately but wanted some time to think over the offer. Although, David decided to accept the offer and sent an e-mail in which he had accepted the offer made by Chan but Chan replies that because he had not heard from David, he had sold the car to Noddy. In this case, David had not provided any consideration in return of the promise made by Chan to keep the offer open. As a result, Chan could have withdrawn the offer at any time before it was accepted by David. Consequently, no contract has been created between Chan and David. The issue in this case is if the elements that are vital for creating a valid contract are present and as a result, a valid contract has been formed between Cammy Pty Ltd and Tina Turnaround Co (TT) regarding the supply of raspberry pulp. The law of contract requires that an offer has to be made by one party and the same should be accepted by the party to whom the offer was made. In this regard, the party making the offer is known as the offeror and the person to whom the offer has been made is known as the offeree. A particular communication can be considered as an offer if such communication reveals the terms on which such party is ready to make a contract and when the statement provides a clear indication that it is the intention of the offeror to be bound by these terms if the offeree accepts them. An offer has to be made to a particular person but the law provides that an offer can also be made to the world at large (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., 1892). Similarly, under the law contract a distinction is present between an offer and the invitations to treat. There are certain transactions in which a preliminary stages involved according to which, one party invites offers from the other party. The stage is kno wn as the invitation to treat. The law also provides in such a case that the original offer is terminated if the other party has made a counteroffer. Therefore in In Hyde v Wrench (1840), an offer was made by the defendant to sell the farm at a price of 1,000. In its reply, the plaintiff offered to purchase it at 950. The owner declined and afterwards the plaintiff tried to accept the original offer and was ready to purchase the farm at 1,000. However the court stated that because a counteroffer has been made by the plaintiff, the original offer was no longer available for acceptance. It was terminated when the plaintiff had made a counteroffer. In such a situation, a new offer on similar terms can be made, but the offeror is not bound. However, mere request for information is not to be considered as a counteroffer. Therefore in such a case, the original offer can be accepted by the other party. For instance in Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean (1880), an offer was made by the defendant on Saturday to sell iron at cash on delivery price of 40 shillings. The offer was to remain open till the next Monday. However in reply, the plaintiffs asked if they could buy the goods on credit but no answer was given to them. Therefore on Monday afternoon they conveyed their acceptance of the offer but by that time the iron was previously sold to another party. In this case the court stated that the reply was only a call for information and therefore it cannot be treated as a counteroffer. As a result the original offer was still available to be accepted and a binding contract has been created between the parties. In the present case also, TT had made an offer and it has been accepted by Cammy Pty Ltd. Therefore, a legally enforceable contract has been created between the two companies. If TT Co declines to deliver the fruit pulp, Cammy Pty Ltd can sue them for the breach of contract. 3. The issue in this case is related with promissory estoppel. It has to be seen if Lee can rely on the statement made by Harry's solicitor. The facts of this case are similar to that of Legione v Hateley (1983). In this case, the parties had entered into a contract regarding the sale of land. A deposit was made by the buyers and the rest of the amount was due after one year. Meanwhile, the land was occupied by the buyer and the house was built on it without informing the seller. It was the intention of the buyer to finance the purchase by sending another property but that same could not materialize. Accordingly they asked for an extension of time but were refused. The vendors suggested that the buyer should get a bridging loan. For this purpose they required a week. According to a clause of the contract, the balance amount has to be paid by 10 August. But on 9th, the buyer made an offer to settle on 17 August to the solicitor. The secretary at the office of the solicitor stated that it will be alright but you'll have to get further instructions. However on 14 August, the solicitor stated that the contract has been rescin ded. While deciding this case, it was stated by the court after a review of certain earlier cases, that a representation, in order to amount to estoppel, should be clear. This is not equal to saying that it should be express, but it can also be plainly inferred from the behavior of the parties. In this case, such a clear representation has not been made by the secretary. Therefore it can be said that no promise has been made regarding a further extension. The reason was that there was no statement or conduct which would suggest that such an extension will be allowed. It was not considered to be reasonable to rely on such a statement made by the secretary. In this case, no assurance has been given that the buyers will not insist on their legal rights. Under these circumstances, the Court considered that the purchaser should be allowed to raise the claim of relief against forfeiture in order to prevent an injustice due to the fact that house has been built on the land. In the present case also, a similar statement has been made by the solicitor of Harry. Therefore under the circumstances, it will not be reasonable for Lee to reasonably rely on such a statement. As a result, it can be said that Harry's legal right is not forfeited by the statement made by the solicitor. Therefore Lee cannot sue Harry for breach of contract and the representation made by Harry's solicitor does not amount to promissory estoppel. References Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1 Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch D 463 Legione v Hateley [1983] 57 ALJR 152 Stevenson, Jaques, Co v McLean [1880] 5 QBD 346

Community Based Organizations

Question: Discuss about theCommunity Based Organizations. Answer: Introduction The community organizations are the ones that are not concerned with the profitability or the success of the product or services in terms of sales amount or profit. Their goal is to bring about success in the form of changing the community in chosen aspects. These organizations work in the community level with the goal of bringing about positive change in the condition and the lifestyle of the people from a community. The benefits of the community from their operations are used to measure their successes (Cnaan Milofsky, 2010). These organizations are motivated by different goals than the others and the difference from other types of organizations are seen in the mission vision and goals of the organization as well as their approach to the different issues that are to be addressed. Characteristics of Community Organizations There are multiple characteristics present under the segment of community based organizational activities. Key components of non-profit organizations have been mentioned below, Fulfill the needs of the community is the main purpose of the non-profit organization. Community organizations mainly focus on the social issues and problems. Funds are generated from a fixed group of people who have an interest to change social dynamics (Dale and Onyx, 2010). Staffs and employees must bear skills so that they can handle the overall operations without expecting any profit. After the identification of social issues, appropriate strategy needs to be built for reducing the problem. Uniqueness of the Community Organizations The community organization are unique from any other sector as all the companies are self centric as the well being of the company is the main driver behind the operations and the customer satisfaction and benefits to the others related to the company are seen as side benefits which help the company in achieving the main goal of profit and benefit to the stakeholders (Noll, Dawes Rai, 2014).. In both government and market sector the companies that are operating have their own survival and well being behind their every action. But the community organizations have only the benefit and improvement o the community in mind (Christiansen et.al, 2010). These companies are often nonprofit which means that the organizations are not driven by profit which makes them different from most other types of organizations. Their mission vision and goals are also different where the competition to be better than the others is predominant in the other types of industry (Christiansen et al., 2010). Every other company has some ulterior motive behind their every action which will benefit the company but in the case of the community organization the companys benefit and needs comes after the needs of the community they are serving. Challenges and Opportunities As these types of organization are not concentrated on their own survival their effort only goes to the benefit of the community (Cnaan Milofsky, 2010). This raises a unique problem that is concerned with the well being of the organization. The main challenge of the organization is based on the existence of the organization which is dependent upon the return of the investment and the prosperity of the company. The challenge in there is to keep the company afloat while giving as much benefit to any community for whom the company is working (Porterfield et al., 2012). The opportunities of these organizations are numerous as the organization are not driven by the need o profit they can help the communities more freely. Their operations are philanthropic in nature and the health and safety of the community that are being looked at tare given more priority (Shatkin, 2012). This leads to lack of competition between the companies and the combined effort of the two companies produce better result than one so the help is encouraged and information to better the result of both and other services are freely shared which is also a difference to the other business practices of different sector (Noll et.al, 2014). In the case of stakeholder demand the organization is also specific as to the holders not wanting profit but betterment of the subjects. Reflection of Characteristics on the Purpose and Governance Community based organizations are mainly associated with different types of cultural and social development. These organizations also could be termed as non-profit organizations. Non-profit organizations mainly raise any social issue and gather people for making them familiar with that particular issue (Noll et.al, 2014). Community organizations are mainly following some significant steps and approaches for executing activities and functionalities. Operational activities of community organizations are different compared to the other organizations of the society. Non-profit organizations do such things for delivering service to the normal people; they dont seek any kind of monetary outcome (Kanters et.al, 2014). Sometime these organizations collaborate with government organizations for delivering services. Many health professionals and high profile people donate their money in these organizations. There are three ways present by which community organizations are working in the market; Critical relationship with all the associates of the operations Find opportunities for the better performance and activities Management of NPO must have to think beyond the conventional level Argumentative Comparison Between other Sector and Community Organizations There are many arguments presents on this vital concept. Many researchers have highlighted the differences between these two sectors. In the year of 2010 Mr. Cnaan stated that profit based organizations mainly focuses on the monetary outcomes of business, on the other hand nonprofit organizations focus on the service of the business. Normal organizations have fixed services and they serve some fixed number of clients whereas NPO serves to the overall community (Lattimore et.al, 2010). If skills are considered in this case then it could be said that both profit and non-profit organizations need to focus on the skills development of the staffs and employees. Organizational structure is completely different for these two organizations. Profit based organizations mainly follow a basic organizational pattern; NPO changes its organizational structure on the basis of situation and demand. Reference Cnaan, R. A., Milofsky, C. (Eds.). (2010).Handbook of community movements and local organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Noll, D., Dawes, C., Rai, V. (2014). Solar community organizations and active peer effects in the adoption of residential PV.Energy Policy,67, 330-343. Christiansen, B. A., Brooks, M., Keller, P. A., Theobald, W. E., Fiore, M. C. (2010). Closing tobacco-related disparities: using community organizations to increase consumer demand.American journal of preventive medicine,38(3), S397-S402. Porterfield, D. S., Hinnant, L. W., Kane, H., Horne, J., McAleer, K., Roussel, A. (2012). Linkages between clinical practices and community organizations for prevention: a literature review and environmental scan.American journal of preventive medicine,42(6), S163-S171. Dale, A. and Onyx, J. eds., 2010.A dynamic balance: Social capital and sustainable community development. UBC Press. Shatkin, G., 2012.Collective action and urban poverty alleviation: Community organizations and the struggle for shelter in Manila. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Kanters, M.A., Bocarro, J.N., Filardo, M., Edwards, M.B., McKenzie, T.L. and Floyd, M.F., 2014. Shared use of school facilities with community organizations and afterschool physical activity program participation: a costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ benefit assessment.Journal of School Health,84(5), pp.302-309. Lattimore, D., Griffin, S.F., Wilcox, S., Rheaume, C., Dowdy, D.M., Leviton, L.C. and Ory, M.G., 2010. Understanding the challenges encountered and adaptations made by community organizations in translation of evidence-based behavior change physical activity interventions: a qualitative study.American Journal of Health Promotion,24(6), pp.427-434.