Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - 1686 Words

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as accumulation of lipids, mainly triglycerides, due to causes other than viruses, alcohol, or genetics. The disease covers a wide spectrum of status, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and is closely related to dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.1 Prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing gradually because of changes in lifestyles such as insufficient physical activities and westernized diet. NAFLD may be asymptomatic, but can be problematic as it is associated with other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, in some studies, it is shown to elevate mortality. Various tools are available for diagnosis of NAFLD, but some limitations do exist. For example, using hepatic ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan to screen asymptomatic patients is considered cost-ineffective, especially in mass screening. Laboratory tests necessarily involve an invasive procedure (i.e. drawing blood). Moreover, these tools cannot be accessed conveniently by non-practitioners, the fact being an obstacle for lay people to be involved in mass screening of NAFLD. The aforementioned reasons call for development of a new, easy-to-use model for screening NAFLD. In fact, however, there have been few simple, noninvasive and cost-effective systems that can predict NAFLD. Our group once developed a simple self-assessment scoring model for screeningShow MoreRelatedNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, one of the most common liver disorders, can have several causes, such as congenital, pharmaceutical, or other miscellaneous sources, but the most clinically important etiology is metabolic disorder. Metabolic Disorder, also known as syndrome X, is a collection of symptoms that occur in clusters, and cause a patient to have a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome has several hallmark signs. Many of these conditions can occur aloneRead MoreNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld), Is A Form Of1212 Words   |  5 PagesNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a form of chronic liver disease ranging in severity from simple fat infiltration (steatosis) to an advanced form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, steatosis with liver inflammation) with subsequent progression to fibrosis.1 The relationship between gut flora and the development of NAFLD have been under study for almost the last decade. Uncontrolled growth of gut bacteria and translocation of gut microorganisms from the intestinal lumen predispose patientsRead MoreThe Effect Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Li ver Disease ( Nafld ) Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease commonly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation-all features of insulin resistant syndrome. However, very limited data are available regarding the association of subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance with NAFLD in a prediabetic state. We, therefore, conducted the study to assess this relationship among this population. Methods: We studied a cross-sectional analytical design of 140 [male/femaleRead MoreThe Effects Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease On Obese Pediatric Population985 Words   |  4 PagesNonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Pediatric Population In the United States, increasing numbers of obesity in pediatric population is major concern in health care field. According to Center of Disease Control (CDC), in the United States obesity in children from 6 to 11 years of age in 1980 was seven percent. This rate about three times by 2008, to 20%. Adolescents’ obesity from 12 to 19 years of age in 1980 was five percent and this correspondingly rate more than three times byRead MoreLiver Biopsy Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesChronic liver diseases and liver biopsy. Chronic liver diseases encompass many different causes, including viral infections, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol abuse, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary hemochromatosis, and autoimmune disease. All of these precipitate chronic damage to the liver via necroinflammation and subsequent cellular injury and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins distorting the hepatic architecture by forming hepatic fibrosis with abnorm alRead MoreObesity and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesThis disease was uncommon in the old days because it was unusual to accumulate enough fat to hurt livers. However, many people in the United States are now suffering from NAFLD and NASH. Before 1998, there was no case of NASH heard. In contrast, a statistics from a website called Partners In Liver Wellness provides an alarming information. The site says, â€Å"As a consequence of the on-going obesity epidemic in the U.S., fatty liver is a very common disorder with an estimated two thirds of obese adultsRead MoreAlcohol Consumption And Metabolic Syndrome1361 Words   |  6 PagesBoth alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for development of fatty liver diseases with similar pathology which ultimately can result in development of liver cancer.3, 4, 24-273, 4, 23-26 Using a two-stage mouse model in which tumor initiation by DEN was followed by a 35% high fat diet, we have pr eviously reported increased tumor incidence, suggestive of a diet-related promotional effect.11 Consistent with these findings, in the current study, we observed increased adenomaRead MoreIs Withaferin A, A Magic Bullet For Metabolic Syndrome?1435 Words   |  6 PagesLPS induced lung injury etc 31-34. Recently, Withaferin A also reported as a ligand for nuclear receptor LXR-ÃŽ ±35. This LXR-ÃŽ ± is a well-known nuclear receptor with various functions in metabolism and diseases including cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose homeostasis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 36-40. Here, Withaferin A may regulate all these functions by inducing or suppressing genes through this nuclear receptor mediated transcriptional activation 41-43. All these properties of WithaferinRead MoreApplication of Statistics in Pharmaceutical Industry3871 Words   |  16 Pagespharmaceutical is its application in clinical trials wherein the efficacy of one drug is compared with the other. Clinical trial: a nutritional supplement Viusid, in combination with diet and exercise, in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease SUMMARY Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant health problem for which there is no universally accepted pharmacological treatment. The combination of weight loss and antioxidant drugs to ameliorate insulin resistance and improveRead MoreFatty Liver Disease Case Study1009 Words   |  5 Pageswere selected for this paper. First trial focuses on the management of fatty liver disease with vitamin E and C combined compared to usrodeoxycholic acid treatment. Second trial focuses on only vitamin E, pioglitazone, or placebo on NAFLD patients. Third trials focuses on the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with vitamin E and vitamin C combined. Final trial focuses on pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, similar to the second trial. First trial had patients

Binge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays - 829 Words

English 101 March 13, 2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (Wechsler 2010). Binge drinking can be loosely defined as consuming five or more drinks at one sitting for men and four drinks for women. Binge drinking amongst college students is a social activity that allows students to let loose and â€Å"fit in†.†¦show more content†¦In this article/study one of the variables studied was demographics, including age. The article states that age only plays a modest role in predicting binge drinking. They studied college students under age 21 and over age 21 and the odds ratios were so close that they determined that the minimum age drinking laws virtually have no effect on binge drinking. Based on this study lowering the drinking age will not decrease the amount of binge drinking occurring on college campuses across the nation. Some may argue that lowering the drinking age could possibly decrease binge drinking among college students and the Amethyst Initiative in 2008 offers some good ideas as to why. The Amethyst Initiative is made up of a group of college/university presidents (past and present) that believe the drinking age has contributed to an epidemic of binge drinking across college campuses. These group members basically believe that making alcohol easily accessible makes it not â€Å"forbidden† or a bad thing, so college students will not be prone to binge drink. They even go so far as to use Prohibition as an example of why this logic should be considered in lowering the minimum drinking age. Another argument for wanting to lower the drinking age is that underage drinkers are more inclined to not seek medical attention when necessary after alcohol consumption. An underage student that may potentially have alcohol poisoningShow MoreRelatedWhy Lower the Legal Drinking Age?801 Words   |  3 Pageslower the drinking age below 21 lose 10% of their annual federal highway appropriations (Haevens). This is the main reason the legal drinking age has not been lower below 21 years of age.a large number of the general population desires a lower drinking age. In the 25 years since the legal drinking age was set at 21, seven states have tried to lower it. (Wechsier ).It is unfair for the federal government to withhold money from states if they exercise their rights to set the legal drinking age to whatRead MoreDrinking Age During The United States Of America1325 Words   |  6 PagesPatrick Murray Oakley, Sottile Senior Thesis 05/21/2016 Drinking age in the United States of America Remember being sixteen and the only thing we could possibly do with the rest of our lives was wait to turn eighteen? On our eighteenth birthday we found a renewed sense of the word maturity as we were now able to walk into gas stations or grocery stores to buy lottery tickets or a pack of cigarettes. At this point in our lives we were able to attain a full driver s license, noRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay825 Words   |  4 PagesBinge Drinking would have various of ways to define what in reality means. As for college students would define it as a way to drink non-stop, just for fun, or excessively drinking until drunk. Binge drinking can be interpreted in a scientific form, like NIAAA defines binge drinking as a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL. This typically occurs after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men—in about 2 hours. (National Institute on Alcohol AbuseRead M oreQuicker Liquor Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesShould We Lower the Drinking Age? | 18 vs. 21 | â€Å"Quicker Liquor† A Short Research Paper Should the legal drinking age be lowered? Those who supported the change for the 2009 re-authorization of the law (dubbed Pro 18), and those who wanted the law to remain at the current age of 21 (dubbed Pro 21), had three major categories to explore for this debate: safety, binge drinking and maturity. There is opposition and support on both sides of the issue including a coalition founded inRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Removed1735 Words   |  7 PagesThe legal drinking age should be removed because it teaches safe drinking, it removes the taboo around it, and history proves it does not work at 18. Conor Lewis 12-4-15 English 3rd Alcohol. The source of curiosity among young people everywhere. People everywhere, college students, and even some high school students enjoy it. There’s no doubt this nation enjoys alcohol but what about the people who can’t taste it yet? What about those who are considered adults in every way and permitted toRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Students Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesHenry Wechsler in Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking, stresses how modern college students think that binge drinking is a norm in college life. I agree with Wechsler that the modern college student thinks binge drinking is normal. In High School, people would binge drink on a regular basis, and that eventually carried over into collegiate life. After being in college for about a month now, I realized that every night students binge drink either at bars, fraternity houses, or tailgatesRead MoreThe Effects of Underage Drinking Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesadults a buse the drinking age policy. It is put in effect for substantial reasons, which contribute in making the safest environment for all. Drinking underage is not only illegal, but also damages one’s health tremendously. Furthermore, drinking in large amounts is extremely dangerous and can cause detrimental things to occur. There have been numerous attempts to create a law to lower the drinking age, but none have gone through. In contrast to what some people may say, the drinking age should not beRead MoreMaking The Law Fair While Saving Lives1740 Words   |  7 Pagesyouth under the age of 21 in the United States is in the form of binge drinking (McCardell). Lowering the drinking age is a big topic among younger adults and concerned college parents. Being 18 people serve in the military and they are known as adults. People 18-20 have to hide when they are drinking which makes them thrive to drink and party more but it s dangerous. This is called binge drinking which is landing them in the hospital. Also, there are a lot of underage drinking that is going onRead MoreAlcohol Is The Most Widely Used Social Drug Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pages‘risky’ drinking can cause serious health, personal and social problems. Heavy drinkers, binge drinkers and very young drinkers are at risk. Binge drinking is a particular problem among younger people, but anyone who drinks heavily or drinks too much in one session is at risk of both immediate and long-term alcohol related harm For children and young people under 18 years, not drinking is the safest option. Those who are under the age of 15 years of age at the greatest risk of harm from drinking alcoholRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of The United States Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesBy the age of twenty-one, most people have at some point consumed an alcoholic beverage. For others, turning twenty-one might mean a whole new world of freedom. Young teens and adults drink for many reasons. Teens may drink because of peer pressure, others because of pure enjoyment, and many for of the thrill of breaking the law. Before the 1980’s, the legal drinking age was eighteen. This would only make sense because at this age a person is declared an adult. Many are in favor of keeping the drinking

Business Law Business Circumstances

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Business Circumstances. Answer: The issue in this case is if a valid contract has been created between Chan and David and if Chan was bound by the promise to the offer open during the time, David decides regarding purchasing the car. The law provides in these cases that our party is not bound by the promised to keep the offer if such a promise is not supported by any consideration. For example in Dickinson v Dodds (1876), the defendant offered to sell his house. The defendant also stated that the offer can be accepted till Friday. But on Thursday, the offer made by a third party was accepted by the defendant. Thereafter, the defendant asked a friend to inform the claimant that the offer is no longer available. But on hearing it, the claimant tried to accept the offer on Friday morning. Later on the claimant brought action in the court for the specific performance of the contract. However the court stated that in this case the offer was effectively revoked. As a result, there was no contractor present between the claimant and the defendant. The court also held that the defendant did not require to keep the offer open. The reason was that no consideration was given by the claimant in return of the promise. Under th ese circumstances, the position under the common law can be described as follows. The party making the offer can withdraw the same at any time before such an offer was accepted or if consideration has been paid by the other party to keep the offer open for a particular period. In such cases, no particular form of the revocation of offer is necessary. Therefore all that is required in these cases is that the party making the offer, should convey in some way, that the offeror had changed his mind regarding the offer. As a result, the offer was no longer available for the other party to be accepted. For example in Dickinson v Dodds, Dickinson was aware of the fact that Dodds was no longer ready to sell the house before purporting to accept the offer. In this case, Chan made an offer to sell his car for $20,000. However, David did not accept the offer immediately but wanted some time to think over the offer. Although, David decided to accept the offer and sent an e-mail in which he had accepted the offer made by Chan but Chan replies that because he had not heard from David, he had sold the car to Noddy. In this case, David had not provided any consideration in return of the promise made by Chan to keep the offer open. As a result, Chan could have withdrawn the offer at any time before it was accepted by David. Consequently, no contract has been created between Chan and David. The issue in this case is if the elements that are vital for creating a valid contract are present and as a result, a valid contract has been formed between Cammy Pty Ltd and Tina Turnaround Co (TT) regarding the supply of raspberry pulp. The law of contract requires that an offer has to be made by one party and the same should be accepted by the party to whom the offer was made. In this regard, the party making the offer is known as the offeror and the person to whom the offer has been made is known as the offeree. A particular communication can be considered as an offer if such communication reveals the terms on which such party is ready to make a contract and when the statement provides a clear indication that it is the intention of the offeror to be bound by these terms if the offeree accepts them. An offer has to be made to a particular person but the law provides that an offer can also be made to the world at large (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., 1892). Similarly, under the law contract a distinction is present between an offer and the invitations to treat. There are certain transactions in which a preliminary stages involved according to which, one party invites offers from the other party. The stage is kno wn as the invitation to treat. The law also provides in such a case that the original offer is terminated if the other party has made a counteroffer. Therefore in In Hyde v Wrench (1840), an offer was made by the defendant to sell the farm at a price of 1,000. In its reply, the plaintiff offered to purchase it at 950. The owner declined and afterwards the plaintiff tried to accept the original offer and was ready to purchase the farm at 1,000. However the court stated that because a counteroffer has been made by the plaintiff, the original offer was no longer available for acceptance. It was terminated when the plaintiff had made a counteroffer. In such a situation, a new offer on similar terms can be made, but the offeror is not bound. However, mere request for information is not to be considered as a counteroffer. Therefore in such a case, the original offer can be accepted by the other party. For instance in Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean (1880), an offer was made by the defendant on Saturday to sell iron at cash on delivery price of 40 shillings. The offer was to remain open till the next Monday. However in reply, the plaintiffs asked if they could buy the goods on credit but no answer was given to them. Therefore on Monday afternoon they conveyed their acceptance of the offer but by that time the iron was previously sold to another party. In this case the court stated that the reply was only a call for information and therefore it cannot be treated as a counteroffer. As a result the original offer was still available to be accepted and a binding contract has been created between the parties. In the present case also, TT had made an offer and it has been accepted by Cammy Pty Ltd. Therefore, a legally enforceable contract has been created between the two companies. If TT Co declines to deliver the fruit pulp, Cammy Pty Ltd can sue them for the breach of contract. 3. The issue in this case is related with promissory estoppel. It has to be seen if Lee can rely on the statement made by Harry's solicitor. The facts of this case are similar to that of Legione v Hateley (1983). In this case, the parties had entered into a contract regarding the sale of land. A deposit was made by the buyers and the rest of the amount was due after one year. Meanwhile, the land was occupied by the buyer and the house was built on it without informing the seller. It was the intention of the buyer to finance the purchase by sending another property but that same could not materialize. Accordingly they asked for an extension of time but were refused. The vendors suggested that the buyer should get a bridging loan. For this purpose they required a week. According to a clause of the contract, the balance amount has to be paid by 10 August. But on 9th, the buyer made an offer to settle on 17 August to the solicitor. The secretary at the office of the solicitor stated that it will be alright but you'll have to get further instructions. However on 14 August, the solicitor stated that the contract has been rescin ded. While deciding this case, it was stated by the court after a review of certain earlier cases, that a representation, in order to amount to estoppel, should be clear. This is not equal to saying that it should be express, but it can also be plainly inferred from the behavior of the parties. In this case, such a clear representation has not been made by the secretary. Therefore it can be said that no promise has been made regarding a further extension. The reason was that there was no statement or conduct which would suggest that such an extension will be allowed. It was not considered to be reasonable to rely on such a statement made by the secretary. In this case, no assurance has been given that the buyers will not insist on their legal rights. Under these circumstances, the Court considered that the purchaser should be allowed to raise the claim of relief against forfeiture in order to prevent an injustice due to the fact that house has been built on the land. In the present case also, a similar statement has been made by the solicitor of Harry. Therefore under the circumstances, it will not be reasonable for Lee to reasonably rely on such a statement. As a result, it can be said that Harry's legal right is not forfeited by the statement made by the solicitor. Therefore Lee cannot sue Harry for breach of contract and the representation made by Harry's solicitor does not amount to promissory estoppel. References Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1 Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch D 463 Legione v Hateley [1983] 57 ALJR 152 Stevenson, Jaques, Co v McLean [1880] 5 QBD 346

Community Based Organizations

Question: Discuss about theCommunity Based Organizations. Answer: Introduction The community organizations are the ones that are not concerned with the profitability or the success of the product or services in terms of sales amount or profit. Their goal is to bring about success in the form of changing the community in chosen aspects. These organizations work in the community level with the goal of bringing about positive change in the condition and the lifestyle of the people from a community. The benefits of the community from their operations are used to measure their successes (Cnaan Milofsky, 2010). These organizations are motivated by different goals than the others and the difference from other types of organizations are seen in the mission vision and goals of the organization as well as their approach to the different issues that are to be addressed. Characteristics of Community Organizations There are multiple characteristics present under the segment of community based organizational activities. Key components of non-profit organizations have been mentioned below, Fulfill the needs of the community is the main purpose of the non-profit organization. Community organizations mainly focus on the social issues and problems. Funds are generated from a fixed group of people who have an interest to change social dynamics (Dale and Onyx, 2010). Staffs and employees must bear skills so that they can handle the overall operations without expecting any profit. After the identification of social issues, appropriate strategy needs to be built for reducing the problem. Uniqueness of the Community Organizations The community organization are unique from any other sector as all the companies are self centric as the well being of the company is the main driver behind the operations and the customer satisfaction and benefits to the others related to the company are seen as side benefits which help the company in achieving the main goal of profit and benefit to the stakeholders (Noll, Dawes Rai, 2014).. In both government and market sector the companies that are operating have their own survival and well being behind their every action. But the community organizations have only the benefit and improvement o the community in mind (Christiansen et.al, 2010). These companies are often nonprofit which means that the organizations are not driven by profit which makes them different from most other types of organizations. Their mission vision and goals are also different where the competition to be better than the others is predominant in the other types of industry (Christiansen et al., 2010). Every other company has some ulterior motive behind their every action which will benefit the company but in the case of the community organization the companys benefit and needs comes after the needs of the community they are serving. Challenges and Opportunities As these types of organization are not concentrated on their own survival their effort only goes to the benefit of the community (Cnaan Milofsky, 2010). This raises a unique problem that is concerned with the well being of the organization. The main challenge of the organization is based on the existence of the organization which is dependent upon the return of the investment and the prosperity of the company. The challenge in there is to keep the company afloat while giving as much benefit to any community for whom the company is working (Porterfield et al., 2012). The opportunities of these organizations are numerous as the organization are not driven by the need o profit they can help the communities more freely. Their operations are philanthropic in nature and the health and safety of the community that are being looked at tare given more priority (Shatkin, 2012). This leads to lack of competition between the companies and the combined effort of the two companies produce better result than one so the help is encouraged and information to better the result of both and other services are freely shared which is also a difference to the other business practices of different sector (Noll et.al, 2014). In the case of stakeholder demand the organization is also specific as to the holders not wanting profit but betterment of the subjects. Reflection of Characteristics on the Purpose and Governance Community based organizations are mainly associated with different types of cultural and social development. These organizations also could be termed as non-profit organizations. Non-profit organizations mainly raise any social issue and gather people for making them familiar with that particular issue (Noll et.al, 2014). Community organizations are mainly following some significant steps and approaches for executing activities and functionalities. Operational activities of community organizations are different compared to the other organizations of the society. Non-profit organizations do such things for delivering service to the normal people; they dont seek any kind of monetary outcome (Kanters et.al, 2014). Sometime these organizations collaborate with government organizations for delivering services. Many health professionals and high profile people donate their money in these organizations. There are three ways present by which community organizations are working in the market; Critical relationship with all the associates of the operations Find opportunities for the better performance and activities Management of NPO must have to think beyond the conventional level Argumentative Comparison Between other Sector and Community Organizations There are many arguments presents on this vital concept. Many researchers have highlighted the differences between these two sectors. In the year of 2010 Mr. Cnaan stated that profit based organizations mainly focuses on the monetary outcomes of business, on the other hand nonprofit organizations focus on the service of the business. Normal organizations have fixed services and they serve some fixed number of clients whereas NPO serves to the overall community (Lattimore et.al, 2010). If skills are considered in this case then it could be said that both profit and non-profit organizations need to focus on the skills development of the staffs and employees. Organizational structure is completely different for these two organizations. Profit based organizations mainly follow a basic organizational pattern; NPO changes its organizational structure on the basis of situation and demand. Reference Cnaan, R. A., Milofsky, C. (Eds.). (2010).Handbook of community movements and local organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Noll, D., Dawes, C., Rai, V. (2014). Solar community organizations and active peer effects in the adoption of residential PV.Energy Policy,67, 330-343. Christiansen, B. A., Brooks, M., Keller, P. A., Theobald, W. E., Fiore, M. C. (2010). Closing tobacco-related disparities: using community organizations to increase consumer demand.American journal of preventive medicine,38(3), S397-S402. Porterfield, D. S., Hinnant, L. W., Kane, H., Horne, J., McAleer, K., Roussel, A. (2012). Linkages between clinical practices and community organizations for prevention: a literature review and environmental scan.American journal of preventive medicine,42(6), S163-S171. Dale, A. and Onyx, J. eds., 2010.A dynamic balance: Social capital and sustainable community development. UBC Press. Shatkin, G., 2012.Collective action and urban poverty alleviation: Community organizations and the struggle for shelter in Manila. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Kanters, M.A., Bocarro, J.N., Filardo, M., Edwards, M.B., McKenzie, T.L. and Floyd, M.F., 2014. Shared use of school facilities with community organizations and afterschool physical activity program participation: a costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ benefit assessment.Journal of School Health,84(5), pp.302-309. Lattimore, D., Griffin, S.F., Wilcox, S., Rheaume, C., Dowdy, D.M., Leviton, L.C. and Ory, M.G., 2010. Understanding the challenges encountered and adaptations made by community organizations in translation of evidence-based behavior change physical activity interventions: a qualitative study.American Journal of Health Promotion,24(6), pp.427-434.

U.S. Social Welfare Program

Fundamental Aspects of Business †Business Essay

Fundamental Aspects of Business – Business Essay Free Online Research Papers Fundamental Aspects of Business Business Essay During the developing of industry and economy, there become more and more opportunities for people to have their own business and a great number of people really want to attempt to do it. But before you start doing your business, how much do you know about it? Do you realize what business exactly is and how does it works. Today I am going to introduce some very basic knowledge about business such as the fundamental facets and the main factors of different types of business, also a discussion of the different objectives between those different businesses. First of all, a business is about a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it. (Handout) It concern to many business objectives including profit, share price, environment, sales, long term survival and so on. But basically there are five fundamental facets of a business you must know, they are: 1. Your Products/Services: You must have very clear idea about what are you offering to the consumer, what advantages you have with your product or service and why you are strong in it. And to found your weakness is also important and then you should work hard to understand the reason of your incomplete even you could not fix it. This would help you to be more clearly about your current situation. Another factor is you may have to decide how to delivery your product would be the most efficiency way. Furthermore, after you made a decision about what are you going to offer the customers, you may face some problems, for instance the customer wants something you do not have, at this moment I recommend you to help them to find the goods they want even you probably have to send them to a other supplier, but don’t worry, your behavior would made you very impressive to the customer and that could increase your reputation. Moreover, when you considered all the factors such as the cost of produce and deliver for each product also the overhead, you have to give a very reasonable price; consumer could accept it and you can make profit at the same time. 2. The Customer Universe: By some successful case you could learn that if you want to gain more buyers, first you must know who are they, this means you can not address to all class of people, at less you are not being a supper powerful company. M S could be such an appropriate example here, they use to sell more options goods than nowadays, but they stop it and began to focus on the middle class since they found that did not make more profit. In addition, what methods you are going to use to know how your customer thought about your work is extraordinary important no matter they are satisfy or not, it really gives you a clearly indicator. So you should use all the effective ways to do this including doing surveys and sending questionnaires, especially doing this by the Internet. In a word, confirm which segment do you want to address and than be as close as you can with them. 3. The Market Landscape: Primarily you have to understand the meaning of market niches; it means a special area of demand for a product or service in the market. And than you have to make sure your position in it by collecting many concerned data. After you know your quotient in the market, you may start to consider about your competitors situation during the comparison you made. Now you have to think about your competitors details, like do they offer the same product/services as you and what is their strengths and weaknesses, can you learn their positive and do your best to avoid their negative. 4. Your Financial Position: In this case, you may have to investigate your business to make sure how your financial position like is it big wealth or a bit embarrassed. That really correlate to your business closely, it could gives you the opportunity to change your goals and directions. For example the income and expense projections, investment in research etc. these all concern to your financial position. 5. Your Organization: Just like your products/service, you should realise what are the major strengths and weaknesses of your organization. Than you must to make sure the people in place is whom you need in order to make your business successful, and they also ought to have ideas, issues and upcoming changes in their circumstances that should be taken into consideration in business planning. You may define as business which activity has these five facets. And the role of business in society a critical and complex issue today. After the description of the fundamental facets of business, I would like to provide some information about the different types of businesses. First of all, the types of business could separate into two sectors, private and public. In the public sector, all the business activity is owned, financed and controlled by the nation through the government or local authorities. Generally there are four kinds of business; Number one is the Government, whom is the key departments set policy and monitor implementation. Number two is the Local Authorities which including Country Council, District Councils and Parish Councils. Third one is the Health Trusts (NHS). And the last one is Public Corporations such as BBC. All of these public sector activities have objectives, for instance, the Access, which means they are available to all regardless of location or income. Another is Quality, which means they provide high quality services that do not cut corners. Also Affordability, this is a services offered at prices that are cheaper than private sector or free at the point of use. Lastly, Equity is also an important parts which means it is available to anyone whatever their background, status, income, class, race, religion, etc. In the society, there is a great number of establishment belong to the public, such as roads, paths and parks, museums, schools, allotments, waste disposal and so on. Private sector of business is owned, financed and controlled often by private individuals. In my opinion, it is more complicated because there is more range of types of business. 1. Sole Traders, this must be owned, financed and controlled by one individual but can employ other staff and also this is very common in local building firms, small shops and restaurant. Because it is very easy to set up and you can keep all the profits, you can make key decisions by yourself and obviously you have a high degree of control. Also it has very much flexibility, less people are easier to make some change. And it has an ability to offer personal service, the reason is there are only few customers have to be serve at one time. In the other hand, a sole trader may face some problems particular easy to happened on them. Unlimited Liability, this means the trader has the liable for all the debt and I think this makes it quite challenged; solely responsible always could compose a pressure. And this kind of business will be ceases once the owner dies. 2. Partnerships, which is bound by the terms of the partnership act 1890 and it is owned, financed and controlled by upwards of 2 partners in terms of agreed through contract, it is very common in professions such as lawyers, accountants, architects, surveyors and so on. There are several positive things of this type of business. Firstly, Partnerships has a greater access to capital. Secondly, it provides a greater opportunity for specialization. Thirdly, a shared responsibility could improve people’s incentive. The negative thing is, this is an unlimited liability but since 2001, Partnerships can apply to be limited partnerships. All the partners liable for the debts of the others and the partnership dissolved on death of one partner. Potential for conflict could make a big problem, the reason is that would make the company very hard to achieve an agreement. Especially one partner could bind on the rest when making a decision. This is also a limited access to capital. 3. Limited Companies. Which could separate into Private Limited Company (Ltd) and Public Limited Company (PLC). Both of these companies must to register with registrar of companies at Companies House. Also there is a memorandum of association must be signed, it is about the details of the nature, purpose and structure of the company. And you must get a certificate of incorporation, it allows the company to trade. All the shareholders have limited liability; it means if your company is going into liquidation, you can only lose what you agreed to put into the company rather than your personal liability. Here is some special policy to those two types of limited companies. Ltd generally constitutes by 2 or more shareholders but single member, but individual articles of association may stipulate max number of shareholders. And the shares can only transferred on agreement of all shareholders. The PLC is owned by minimum of 2 but no maximum number of shareholders and the shares can be traded publicly on the Stock Exchange. The firm also has a separate legal identity, it means the company can sue and be sued instead of person. But the PLC is more complex to set up, because you must supply a minimum share capital of fifty thousand pounds. Obviously, the distinct different between these two types of business is that the Ltd can have only one shareholder. At last of the part of Limited Companies, I would like to provide some issues. Firstly there could be a divorce between ownership and control. Secondly is there is a potential for diseconomies of scale, for example the communication, decision making, etc. Thirdly as a limited company, you must publish your accounts. And here is some more issues particular to the PLC, because the shareholders may be a large institution so the company has to consider some problems such as pension funds, insurance companies and so on. Further more, the share value will subject to volatility, it could affects the company value. More over, the PLC can be large, complex, possess market power. 4. Co-operatives. This is very common to see in the farmer’s market, it ownership, finance and control and control in hands of the ‘members’ and it exists for the benefit of ‘member’. There are three types of Co-operatives, they are: a). Consumer co-ops which the members buy goods in bulk and sell to members, than divide profits between members. b).Worker co-ops which mean the workers buy the business and run it and decisions and profits shared by members, such as the most farmers working way. c).Producer co-ops; this is meant that producers organize distribution and sale of products themselves. 5. Franchises. This kind of business is getting more and more popular in the world. After pays a fee for the purchase for the franchise, the business ownership backed by established ‘brand’ name, so the business could get a big benefits from the public praise. Of course the owner of the business have to pay for the right to use the established company’s name, format products, logo, display units, methods, etc. at the same time, the franchisee have responsible for debts, also pay a royalty to owners of the brand, than keeps any remaining profit. 6. Charities. This is a type of business which purposes not for profit. The non-profit organizations must working for relief of poverty, the advancement of education or religion and other purposes beneficial to the community not falling under above. For example it have to create and maintain mutually satisfying exchanges between their donors and beneficiaries, and being concerned with facilitating an exchange process between an organization and it publics so that some basic societal need can be fulfilled. In conclusion, every kinds of business have their own nature and purpose; they all have a segmentation of the society to focus. (1991 words) Bibliography: Handout from business class. Resources: bized.ac.uk/learn/business/index.htm Research Papers on Fundamental Aspects of Business - Business EssayRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office System

Home Bias Puzzle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Home Bias Puzzle - Research Paper Example This is due to the fact that changes in the domestic economic environment are less likely to affect the investments in international markets. Jeske (2001, p. 37) explains that portfolios which are invested outside the domestic market are not considered to be risky because the risk of the investment is distributed in several markets. The reasons why the home bias is common among investors raise puzzles among economists. This paper analyzes the explanations for home bias and evaluates the reason why it is convincing, which makes it a continuous phenomenon in finance and investment economics. There are various barriers to the flow of capital across nations due to less or lack of economic integration. Sendi and Bellalah (2010, p. 78) assert that this explains the home bias of investors. The economic barriers include restrictive economic laws, high information costs, international taxation, high transaction costs and political boundaries which affect foreign investment. This illustrates t hat investment in foreign equities is costly to the investors and their propensity for domestic investment. These barriers seem convincing as a valid justification for home bias. However, the home bias puzzle continues because the bias continues even after the removal of these restrictions in the modern global economy. Shikuan and Cheng-Da (2011, p. 1

Figurative Language versus Literal Language Essay - 24

Figurative Language versus Literal Language - Essay Example An analogy is used to compare two things, and its function is to explain or clarify. An example of an analogy is your brain is like a sponge. An ideal circumstance to use this example would be when explaining how one’s brain is capable of absorbing information - much like a sponge soaks up water. This particular analogy may be misconstrued if the individual hearing this phrase is unaware of the similar functions between a brain and a sponge and that they are both capable of holding a large quantity. A metaphor is when two completely different objects, concepts, or actions are compared. The purpose of a metaphor is to provide a greater comprehension of what is being described. An example of a metaphor is time is money. Time is nothing like money, but this phrase can be appropriately used when the speaker is trying to instill into workers, for example, the importance of not wasting time, which could lead to wasting time. This phrase could be misunderstood if the listener is unable to see how time and money are associated. A simile is a figure of speech that allows two dissimilar things to be directly compared using words â€Å"like† or â€Å"as† to connect them to each other. The purpose of a simile is to reveal the relationship between two completely unlike things. An example of a simile is as busy as a bee. This example best describes how quickly and efficiently that someone is working, comparing them to the energetic work ethics of a bee as it keeps its hive operative. This phrase might lead to misunderstanding if the listener is unfamiliar with the workings and importance of a bee to the success of its hive. A cliche is a phrase that is overused and lacking original thought, often causing the phrase to lose its original meaning. The function of a cliche is to explain a concept with more accuracy than a metaphor or original description. One of the most common cliches is time heals all wounds. This phrase is best used when comforting someone after

The law of media publicity contempt is obviously broken. The problem Essay

The law of media publicity contempt is obviously broken. The problem is that there is no better system that might reasonably su - Essay Example A strict implementation of prohibition laws such as the 1987 Act tend to clash, however, with certain basic human rights such as freedom of the press and the right to information. On top of this, advances in communication technology and the advent of globalisation make it doubly hard for authorities to fully impose sanctions on recalcitrant press and bloggers. Nonetheless, it would be wrong to say that the UK law on media publicity contempt is totally broken and that there is nothing that can be done about it. On the contrary, the UK media publicity contempt system has proven to be comparatively effective than those of other jurisdictions and the present state of the law presents a more mature approach in balancing between freedoms and obligations. State of the Law Media Publicity Contempt English media publicity contempt is governed primarily by the Contempt of Court Act 1981. It is a strict liability rule that does not take into consideration intent as an element in finding a verdi ct of guilt or absence of it and applies to publications, which include speech, writing and all other form of communications, addressed to the public. The strict liability rule applies only in the following cases: when publications create substantial risk in the obstruction or prejudice of judicial proceedings, and; the proceedings are active, as defined in Schedule 1 of said law. Schedule 1 describes an active proceeding, whether criminal or appellate, as the period from the time of a proceeding’s initial steps to the time of its conclusion, with initial steps including the arrest of the accused without warrant, the issuance of a warrant of arrest, the issuance of summons, the service of indictment or similar documents or oral charge. The conclusion stage of a proceeding includes the acquittal or any other verdict, which ends the proceeding or the discontinuance of the proceeding or by operation of law.1 The British law on media publicity contempt arose out of the 1820 case of R v Clement 2 where the Observer newspaper was fined ?500 for featuring a series of report on an ongoing trial. The case involved the trials of Cato Street conspirators who were then charged of treason for conspiring to kill members of the British Cabinet. The Observer was faithfully detailing the trials to the chagrin of the Government who was trying to conceal its substantive and procedural lapses. The newspaper’s editor was charged and tried in absentia for contempt for disregarding a court gag order. His subsequent appeal, which was also heard by almost the same judges who decided against him in the lower court contrary to the principle of natural justice, was dismissed.3 Since 1931, however, a â€Å"scandalising the court† case, or a case where the charge involves bringing down the authority of the judge or court through an act or publication, has not been successful in this jurisdiction.4 The 1981 Act came about as a result of the European Court of Human Right s (ECHR) decision in the case of The Sunday Times v United Kingdom5 where the newspaper featured a series of reports about the drug thalidomide that caused women to give birth to deformed babies during the pendency of the negotiations of settlement between

Parent Child Relationship in aetiology of Narcissism

Parent Child Relationship in aetiology of Narcissism Although Freud (1900) did not use the term narcissism to represent an important observation he noted in his investigation of dreams he reports the following as a likely basis for the personality traits of these individuals: I have found that people who know that they are preferred or are favored by their mother give evidence in their lives of a peculiar self reliance and an unshakeable optimism which often seem like heroic attributes and bring actual success to their possessors. (p, 398) Millon (1969/1981, 1987); and Sperry (2003) hold that narcissism is not a response to parental devaluation but rather a consequence of parental over-valuation. The child is treated as a special person with a lot of attention, and led by parents believe that he/she is lovable and perfect. Such an unrealistic over-valuation will lead to self-illusions that cannot be sustained in the outer world. Kernberg (1975) describes this psychodynamic approach as object-relations approach to the understanding of the causes of narcissistic personality disorders. In support of this approach, researcher has found that abused children, children of divorced mother father or children whose mother / father died or who have been given up for adoption are at greater risk for the development of narcissistic personality disorders. He further explains the pathological mother-child relationship as the base of narcissism. A cold and un-empathetic mother leads the child to feel himself unloved. The child, in turn, projects his rage onto parents while defensively investing in some aspect of the self that his parents value. The grandiose self reflects a fusion of the parently valued of the child with a fantasized loving mother. According to Kernberg, the negative aspects of self are split off from the main self. In short narcissistic self is pathological. One aspect of narcissism is intensely ambitious, self-aborbed and overly dependent on acclaim. Another aspect of the narcissist is characterized by a lack of empathy, emptiness and uncertainty about identity. In other words, Kernberg (1975) characterizes narcissistics as possessing an unusual degree of self-reference in their interactions (p.655), as well as a great need to be admired a shallow emotional life and an exploitative and some time parasitic relationship with others. Kohut (1977, 1984) came to view narcissism as underlying a distinct and separate line of psychological development. At one and of the dimension, there are in fantasies about the self and others, which tend to reflect grandiose and idealized fantasies of the omnipotence of the self or the other as fantasists of extreme helplessness and powerlessness. At the other end, developmentally advanced and psychologically healthier narcissism prevails, allowing for interdependent attachment to others, stable self-esteem and confidence and investment in relationships, work and personal convictions, According to Kohut, individuals exist to within the psychological context of a self-object matrix, the intrapsychic representation of the self-sustaining functions of the environment. Importantly, his approach is developmental. The evolution and the development of the personality is determined in large part by the nature of the surrounding environment. Million (1969, 1981) holds that the narcissistic personality is found in excessive unconditional parental valuation of the child. This could account for the unjustified sense of self worth, disdain for rules of social conduct and expansive sense of self-importance. Similarly, parental overindulgence and failure to set limits could account for the lack of a sense of respect for others and the absence of self control. After a long gap, Million (1990) and Million and Everly (1985) repeated his unchanged conviction that narcissism is the product of home environment. Within Millions social learning frame world a lack of parental enforcement of discipline, does, indeed seem to be a plausible factor in promoting narcissistic symptoms which include self-grandiosity, fantasies of personal perfection of sense of specialness ness and entitlement, demand for excessive admiration, envy, interpersonal exploitativeness, a lack of empathy and arrogance (APA, 1994). Miller (1984) holds that an abusive and essentially authoritarian style of parenting fosters narcissism. Lerner (1986) holds that narcissistic personality is the product of family environment that fasters lowered self-esteem, disintegration anxiety and feelings of depletion (p.335)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. feelings of deadness and nonexistence and a self-perception of emptiness weakness and hopelessness. (p.336) Siomopoulos (1988) follows the proposition that disorder may arise when cold and rejecting parents interact with their children with the result that children feel rejected and unworthy in the world. Since all children are not alike, individual differences among them lead some of them live their lives defending against the reality by believing that they are desirable. As such, they turn to others for admiration. Those who place emphasis on early emotional life experience further propose that early negative parental perception spoils the healthy relationship if there is any promotes grandiose self-image in children which helps them maintain illusions of self-sufficiency and freedom from dependence. Wolf (1988) holds anxiety and depression foster complaints of narcissistic patients. Beck and Freeman (1990) are of the opinion that narcissism is the product of parental overindulgence and overvaluation by significant others during childhood. Shengold (1991) believes that parents of narcissistic patients had failed to be forceful and firm and they were unable to refuse their childrens demand and to impose any kind of discipline. Curtis and Cowell (1993) believe that narcissism is the result of childrens feelings that parents often take them special, talented and above the average. Vaillant (1994) hold interactions with cold and rejecting parents produces a feeling of self unworthiness in children with the result that children defend themselves by projecting that they are good and wanted, they look at others with the expectations that they will get praise for the worth and value they have. Siomopoulos (1988) followed the proposition that disorder may arise when cold and rejecting parents interact with their children, with the result that children feel rejected and unworthy in the world. Since all children are not alike, individual differences among them lead some of them to live their lives defending against the reality by believing that they are desirable. As such, they turn to others for admiration. Those who place emphasis on early emotional life experience further propose that early negative parental perception spoils the healthy relationship if there is any promotes grandiose self-image in children which helps them maintain illusions of self sufficiency and freedom from dependence. If we put all these theories together and squeezed them fully well we will find faulty parenting at the base of narcissism. As such, a little devotion to the understanding of parenting seems to be relevant here. Parenting: Almost in all Western countries many children spend a great deal of time in a child-care centers away from the home, parents are still the main caregivers for the vast majority of the worlds children. And parents have always wondered what is the best way to rear their children. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Children are to be seen and not heard. There was a time when parents took those adages seriously. But our attitudes toward children and parenting techniqueshave changed. Parenting Styles: To become good parents, it is important for parents to be sensitive to the childrens individuality (Samson Kothbart, 1995), characteristic way of responding. Baumrind (1971, 1991) believes that parents interact with their children in one of the four basic ways. She classifies parenting styles as authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and indulgent. Authoritarian parenting is a restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parents directions and to respect work and effort. The authoritarian parent firmly limits and controls the child with little verbal exchange. Authoritarian parenting is associated with childrens social incompetence. In a difference of opinion about how to be something, for example, the authoritarian parent might say, You do it my way or elseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.There will be no discussion! Children of authoritarian parents are often anxious about social comparison, fail to initiate activity, and have poor communication skills Authoritative parenting encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their behavior. Extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed and parents are warm and nuturant toward the child. Authoritative parenting is authoritative parent might put his arm around the child in a comforting way and say, You know you should not have done that; lets talk about how you can handle the situation better next time. Children whose parents are authoritative tend to be socially competent, self-reliant, and socially responsible. Neglectful parenting is a style is which parents are uninvolved in their childs life. This style is associated with the childs social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control. This type of parent cannot give an affirmative answer to the question, Its 10 P.M. Do you know where your child is? Children have a strong need for their parents to care about them. Children whose parents are neglectful might develop a sense that other aspects of the parents lives are more important than they are. Children whose parents are neglectful tend to show poor self-control and do not handle independence well. Indulgent parenting is a style in which parents are involved with their children but place few demands on them. Indulgent parenting is associated with childrens social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control. Such parents let their children do what they want, and the result is the children never learn to control their own behavior and always expect to be get their way. Some parents deliberately rear their children in this way because they believe the combinations of warm involvement with few restraints will duce pro a creative, confident child. One boy whose parents deliberately reared him in an indulgent manner moved his parents out of their bedroom suite and took it over for himself. He is almost 18 years old and still has not learned to control his behavior; when he cant get something he wants, he throws temper tantrums with the result he is not very popular with his peers. Children whose parents are indulgent never learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior. The Mothers and Fathers Roles _ What do you think of when you hear the world motherhood? If you are like most people, you associate motherhood with a number of positive imaged, such as warmth, selflessness, dutifulness and tolerance (Matline, 1993). And while most women expect that motherhood will be happy a fulfilling, the reality is that motherhood has been accorded relatively low prestige in our society (Hoffnung, 1984). When stacked up against money, power, and achievement, motherhood unfortunately doesnt fare too well, and mother rarely receive the appreciation they warrant. When children dont succeed or they develop problems our society has had a tendency to attribute the lack of success or the development of problems to a single source mother. One of psychologys most important lessons is that behavior is multi determined. So it is with childrens developmentwhen development goes awry, mother are not the single cause of the problems, even though our society stereotypes them in this way. A special concern of many contemporary mothers is whether working full-time in a career will harm their childrens development. There is no evidence that this is the case (Parke Buriel, 1998). Nonetheless, when working-mothers place their children in child care (nonmaternal care), they worry about whether it will harm their children. This is a legitimate concern. Childrens socio-emotional development can significantly benefit from interaction with a caring, accessible and dependable father who fosters a sense of trust and confidence (Lamb, 1998; Snarey, 1998). The fathers childrens social competence, because he is often the only male the child encounters on a regular day-to-day basis. Father-mother cooperation and mutual respect help the child develop positive attitude toward both parents and him / her self also (Biller, 1993). It is much easier for working-parents to cope with changing family circumstances and day-care issues when father and mother equitable share child-rearing responsibilities. Mothers feel less stress and have more positive attitudes toward their husbands when they are supportive-partners.

Life, Death, and the Heroic Archetype Essay -- Heroes Hero Essays

Life, Death, and the Heroic Archetype The heroic archetype is a creative expression borne of the individual's desire to know and to understand the uncontrollable and often chaotic world in which he lives. In the popular culture of America we can find many reflections of the heroic figure; in writing, in the graphic art of comic books, and most certainly in the aftermath of September 11th, heroes are ever present. Our cultural champions speak to our collective need to make sense of the nonsensical and to establish order in both our external and internal worlds. Indeed it is through the internal world of the psyche and the lens of psychological thought that we may gain a better perspective of the fusion of creativity and knowledge that we have come to call the heroic figure. Creative experience and its expression cannot exist without some contextual framework by which it is understood and appreciated. The very survival of all that is creative depends upon such knowledge. Just as a bird released from its cage must eventually return to roost or perish in the wilderness so must our creative thoughts and imaginings eventually return to the reality of the corporeal world and the causal laws that govern it. This is the very nature of that which we call 'learning' and it is in such a way that creative thought gains relevance and weight, becoming part of our conscious reality. It is through this relationship between creativity and knowledge, between that which we imagine and that which we know, that we may gain a greater understanding of the heroic figure and its cultural significance. The archetype of the hero is an expression of our imagination as well as a reflection of our experience. Carl Jung develops this idea in his essa... ...ranz, M-L. "Science and the Unconscious." Man and His Symbols. Ed. Carl G. Jung. New York: Doubleday, 1964. 304-310. Henderson, Joseph L. "Ancient Myths and Modern Man."Man. Ed. Jung. 104-157. Hughes, Kristen E. "I Will Be My Own Hero." Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 50-54. Jung, Carl G. "Approaching the Unconscious." Man. Ed. Jung. 72-73. "The Archetypes and the Collected Unconscious."The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. 2nd ed. Ed. Carl G. Jung. London: Routledge, 1990. 393-417. "On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry."The Advanced College Essay. Ed. Don Golini. Boston. McGraw-Hill. 2002. 170-188. O'Brien, Tim. "How to Tell a True War Story." Advanced.Ed. Golini. 439-557. "Policewoman's Remains Found at Trade Center." The New York Times. 21 Mar. 2002: B4.

Body Discourses

Prejudice is just a word that can bring down all the dreams, all the island of that perfect world that one creates from day one. The beautiful tress that are the dream of all the human beings, of which the black people unfortunately are deprived of, is the basic human right that everyone is born with. The true reflection of the body discourse was revealed to me when I first met one of my friends who used to live in the Mississippi.There we sat together and she then spelled her entire world to me where she tells me how badly her family and all the black families of Mississippi were treated and exclaimed about the sufferings throughout her life and came out the other end with courage and honor. She also tells how unfair the white men were to the blacks, inside and outside of the courtroom or even to any legal proceedings that were important to them, to their lives and to their future. Prejudice is a hideous subject, and is still skilled today.After our conversation I realized how ignor ance certainly is bliss because it deeply disturbed me after I got to know of the treatment of black people by the hands of white people. When I asked her the reason of the destructed attitude to her and the black families she told me that the the black people were tortured and tormented for no reason other than that they were black. The black families, not only hers but all the black families were in the constant fear of the nightriders who would kill a man for looking at them the wrong way in those days.The wrong way meant that if only the black people would stare at them then even they would beat them up, they would even stab them and the law and the police would do nothing to them. It is for this reason that the black people tried to keep their eyes low and towards the ground and bear the degradation so that their families wouldn’t get hurt. She tells me how her father use to explain to her when she used to be extremely shocked and disturbed to see her father’s sca rs and bleedings as to why he would take them as part of supper and wouldn’t do anything about it.She says that she use to turn wild but her father use to tell her that it's not such a good idea to get involved as they don't have much to do with the white folks. When she questioned as to why not her mother would smile and say that the white folks are naughty, mean and trouble makers. She says that though her mother used to smile but she could see her eyes crying and her hear the deep thunder of her heart. When I came close to hug her I did notice that the honor and confidence that the black people possess. Prejudice is a terrible thing to encounter, especially when dealing with ignorant and dastardly people.It is bad enough that the white man treated the black man unfairly on an informal day-to-day basis, but it is so much worse when they carry it into the judicial system. In the book, the white men try to make sure that the blacks lose their land. To do this, the bank demand s more money than her father can pay, and there is nothing anyone can do about it. No one can go to the police or the courts to complain, for they are all ruled by prejudiced white men. My black friend had extreme fear and sorrow in her eyes when she told how the three white men went to court for setting a black man's house on fire, that black man was her uncle.She even told that they were proud to do so and when they went to the court the judge ruled very unfairly as was expected. The judge states that the crime that they committed was triggered by outside influences, and that it wasn't their fault. He implies that it is alright to do what they did, because the FBI agents that are in town are provoking them. Prejudice and partiality trigger the type of unfairness the judge shows. The judge was white, and so were the men on trial. What else could he do but acquit them? In his mind, the judge saw that as the right thing to do.She even tells that her first day at school was horrible, Girls and boys throwing dirt at her new clothes and spitting at her calling her a â€Å"dirt nigger†. She even says that once at school she and her white class acquaintance got hurt because of some accident, she was more of threatened by her teacher to help her giving her class acquaintance the first aid and nobody bothered to ask her instead. She went home with all the injury. And her mother was not startled to know what had happened to her rather she said to get used to the pain.The injury was so deep and so painful that the doctor said that it had formed the apses and the finger needed to be removed. Her story was making me realize badly and viciously the black people are treated, and how they were brave and honorable, and how the judicial system made spineless efforts to make black people as miserable and deprived of rights as possible. Prejudice is not something someone is born with, it is merely taught at a young age. In an ideal world, everyone would get along, and tre at each other fairly. There would be no such thing as hate crimes, discrimination, or deprivation of civil rights.The violence and terror levels would plummet, and the streets would be safer for today's children. The word prejudice would vanish, and words like equality and unity would have new meaning. She tells more about her getting nagged daily by the street boys and girls and the way they looked at her face. She said that at the moment she felt as if she was build with a garbage can. She says that she knew that her days at the school were of less time period because for her integrity and her self-respect could not be paid by any schooling. Three weeks of school and she was home.She says that her mother would cry over her decision because it was very rare that a nigger would be part of any school any education not even a good post was destined for them. But then they decided to shift to a new land. They were nomads and so travelling with less food and less water was most obvious. And so after the cruel and torturous travel they are here and I listen to their story. BIBLIOGRAPHY Read, Alan. The Fact of Blackness: Frantz Fanon and Visual Representation. University of Michigan: Institute of Contemporary Arts, 1996.

Music Appreciation (Test 3) Essay Example

Music Appreciation (Test 3) Essay Example Music Appreciation (Test 3) Paper Music Appreciation (Test 3) Paper Essay Topic: Poetry What did Liszt create? Symphonic (tone) poem. Symphonice (tone) poem 1 movement orchestral work, flexible form. Program music Instrumental music associated with story, poem, idea, scene. Understanding the music enhanced through reading program or viewing associated work. Nationalism Music with a national identity. Exoticism Intentionally imply foreign culture. Characteristics of Romantic Music Individuality of style, expressive aims and subjects, nationalism and exoticism, program music, expressive tone color, colorful harmony How does nationalism manifest itself in music? They have to create an identity and they have to create that identity through folk songs and dances. Romantic composers Demise of the patronage system. Composers of the free artists (Beethoven). Loss of aristocrats fortune-wars. Urban middle-class audience. Many orchestras, opera groups and music conservatories found. Public captivated by virtuosity. Private music making. Piano in middle-classes homes. Erlkonig (the Erlking), 1815 by Schubert Is an art song. Same music through music composed. Says My Father, My Father and has a stomping horse. Art Song Composition for solo voice. Accompaniment integral part of song. Composers interpret poems, translating, mood, atmosphere, imagery into music. Strophic form and through-composed. Sometimes modified strophic form used (3 stanzas.) Strophic form Repeating same music for each stanza of poem (ex. hymn) Through-composed Writing new music for each stanza. Fraz Schubert (1797-1828) Born in Vienna, early Romantic period. Larger output (600 songs.) Aslo symphonies, string quartets, other chamber music, masses, operas, piano works. Robert Schumann (1810-1856) German, early/mid Romantic composer. Works intensely autobiographical and have descriptive titles, texts, programs. Gifted wroter and music critic. Piano pieces (10 years); 1840 (marries Clara Woeck): art songs. After 1840: symphonies and chamber music. Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896) German pianist; premiered works by husband Robert and friend Johannes Brahms. Also plauyed works by Bach, Mozart, Beethoven/ Important female composer (stopped at age 36.) Considered herself primarily performer. Wrote songs, piano pieces. Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) Polish born musician; to Paris at 21. Perferred intimate settings, not concert halls. Piano teacher to daughters of the rich. Pieces are exquisite miniatures. Mazurkas and polonaises-capture Polish spirit. Singing piano tone (pedals, ornaments.) Nocture (night piece) E flat major, Op. 9, no.2 by Chopin (1830-31). Slow, lyrical, intimate piece for piano. Note: expressive, emotional presentation with subtle shifts in tempo and dynamics. Tempo changes (rebato.) In the Romantic period what is used or spoke about? Nature, Shakespeares plays, fantasys and supernatural, etc. Expand and contrast in what period? Romanticism Etude in C minor, op. 10, no.12 by Chopin Study piece for left hand. Franz Liszt Hungarian composer, pianist. At 36, became court conductor at Weimar. Later wrote oratoriors and masses in Rome. New ways to exploit piano. Daring leaps, rapid octaves, run, dynamic range. Inspired by Goethe and Dante. Typifies romantic movement stupendous performer, innovative composer, charismatic personality. Transcendental Etude No.10 in F minor By Liszt. virtuosic piano piece. Difficult left-handed passages. ABA- coda form. Pianist Boris Berezovksy performing live at International Piano Competition July 2002. Non program music Called absolute music. Program Symphony Multi-movement orchestral work Incidental music For use before or during a play Hector Berlioz French, Mid-Romantic composer. Symphonie Fantastique (1830) started Parisians (autobiographical, orchestration, depiction of diabolical.) Unconventional music irritated establishment. Music journalist/critic. One of the first great conductors. Berliozs music Passionate and unpredictable (contrasts.) Imaginative, innovative orchestrations. Most works for orchestra (some add chorus, vocal soloists)- dramatic and programmatic. Symphonie fantastique (fantastic symphonie) By Berlioz. Program symphonie. Czech nationlism. The Moldau By Smetana. Symphonic poem depicting the main river that flows through the Bohemian (Czech) countryside. Example of nationalism in music. Note: Program material and how composer related to the music. Strongest impact in countries dominated by music of? Germany, Austria, Italy, and France. 19th century American music Americans embody Romantic characteristics. Unlike writers/ artists American composers look to Europe (Germany) for inspiration/instruction. Choral societies: 1815- Boston Handel and Haydn Society. Rural folk music. Secular music. Lowell Mason Reform American music (sound more European.) Hymn writer. Music education. Star Spangles Banner Written by Francis Key Scott during War of 1812. Patriotic music. Romantic text to British drinking song by John Stafford Smith. Minstrel show Most popular entertainment before civil war. Imitation of songs, dances, dialect of stereotypical African-Americans. James A. Bland First well-known black songwriter. Stephen Foster Composer of minstrel songs, songs about love, home. Nonsense songs; Oh, Susanna.MyOld Kentucky Home- Ky state song Concert music by Viruosis European soloists tour U.S. Jenny Lind.: Swedish song. Ole Bull: Norwegian composer/violinist. Louis Moreau Gottschalk American vituoso pianist, born in New Orleans. Studied in France (11 years); impressed Chopin. Most remembered for piano music. Le Bananier (The Banana Tree) Theme and Variations. 19th Century American music. 1798: United States Marine Band established. Americas oldest continuosly active professional musical organization. Originally 32 drums/fifes130 musicians today. Who comes after Smetana for Czech nationalist? Wagner New Earl Symphony Wagner Two Italian composers Puccini and Verdi Who did Brahms use to put his twist on things? Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn John Philip Sousa Violinist, father in Maine Band. Director of Marine Band 1880-1892, 5 presidents. Formed own band, toured, international reputation. American March King: 136 marches. Verismo (realism) Artistic trend in 1890s, ordinary people and true to life situations. Brahms 3rd Symphony: what is he known for? Lyrist and melodies La Boheme by Pucinni. Opera set in Paris. Act 1: Scene with Rodolfo (poet) and Mimi (seamstress). Love duet. Note; Dialogue is more realistic. Tempo shifts accentuate music and text. Richard Wagner German mid/late Romantic composer. At age 15, overwhelmed by Beethovens music. Famous as opera composer and conductor. Nationalist: wrote librettos on Germanic legends and myths. Larger scale operas (music dramas.) Die Walkure (The Valkyrie) by Wagner. Act 1: Love scene, conclusion. Note; Huge production, large orchestrations. Big powerful voices required. Secral leitmotifs (Valhalla, love, sword, spring.) 20th Century Developments Violence and prgress are hallmarks. Rapid technology and science advancement. Rapid, radical changes in arts. Shock becomes a goal. Modern dance; cubism, abstract painting. Contradictory styles/tendencies coexist. Characteristics of 20th century music Tone color is more important. Unusual playing techniques for sound effects. Glissando- rapid slide up or down a scale. Also flutter tongue, col legno, extended notes. Percussion use greatly expanded. New instruments added/created; noisemakers. Piano as percussion instrument. Less emphasis on blended sound. Unusual groupings of instruments in small ensembles. Harmony- harmony and treatment of this have changed. Rhythm- expanded, irregularity and unpredicatability, shifting meters and irregular meters. Melody- no longer tied to traditional chords, major/minor keys. Polychord Two traditional chords sounding at the same time. Quartal/quintal harmony tones are a fourth/fifth apart instead of a third. Third cluster chord made up of tones only a half step or whole step apart. Polytonality Use of two keys at once. Atonality Absense of tonality or key. 12 tone system Systematic approach to atonal composition. Equal prominence to each 12 chromatic tones. Ostinato Motive or phrase repeated persistently at same pitch throughout a section. Polyrhythm Two or more constructing, independent rhythms at the same time. French Impressionist Painting Concern with effects of light, color. Atmospher- with impermanence, change, fluidity. French Symbolish Poetry Perferred to suggest (symbolize their ropics. Basis for many impressionist musical works. Claude /debussy French Impressionist composer. Influences: Inspired by literary/pictoral ideas. Music sounds free/spontaneous, improvised. Impressionism: stress on tone color, atmosphere, fluidity in music. Orchestra used as pallet of sounds, not tutti. Expanded harmonic vocabulary, practice. Obscured harmony, tempo, meter, rhythm, form. Prà ©lude lAprà ¨s-midi dun faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun) Claude Debussy. Free illustration of a poem by Mallarme. Impressionist program music. ABA with continuos flow. Note: Use of solo instruments disguished meter. Extended harmonic style. Arnold Schoenberg born in Vienna, self taught musician. Teacher of Alban Berg, Anton Webern. Moved to U.S (UCLA) Schoebergs music 1908: Antonality. 12 tones used without regard to traditional relationships. Dissonances do not resolve to consonances. Sprechstimme. The 12-tone system. Antonality Music with no key center. Sprechstimme Vocal style halfway between speaking and singing. The 12-tone system Equal importance to all 12 tones. Pitches arranged in a tone row, series, pr set. Row is the source of every melody and chord. Composition is built by manipulating the tone row. A survivor from Warsaw By Arnold Schoenberg. Cantata for narrator, male chorus, and orchestra. Tells story of Nazi treatment and murder oj Jews in occupied Poland. Note: Sprechstimme- song/speech style12 tone technique, English and German text with Hebrew prayer, and Expressionist music and text-shocking. Anton Webern Born in Vienna, student of Schoenberg. Music riducled during lifetime, influential later. Atonal, then 12-tone composition. Melodies built of tone colors, atomized into 2 or 3 note fragments. Five Pieces for Orchestra Third Piece by Anton Webern. Note: Traditional melody placed by tone color melodies. Dynamics never get above pp. Less relying on expectation in what Century? 20th Romanticism, as a stylistic period in western art music, encompassed the years? 1820-1900 Which of the following is not characteristic of romanticism? An emphasis on balance and clarity of structures. Of all the inspirations for romantic art, none was more important than? Nature. Drawing creative inspiration from cultures of lands foreign to the composer is known as? Exoticism. Program music is? Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene. The deliberate intent to draw creative inspiration from the composers own homeland is known as? Nationalism. The orchestra in the romantic period was? Larger and more varied in tone color than the classical orchestra. A slight slowing down or speeding up of the tempo, characteristically employed in the performance of much romantic music, is? Rubato. Which of the following statements is not true? Romantic musicians often composed to execute a commission or meet the demands of an aristocratic or church patron. The composer whose career was a model for many romantic composers was? Ludwig van Beethoven. A very important musical part of every middle-class home during the romantic period was the? Piano. An art song is a musical composition for? Solo voice and piano. When the same music is repeated for each stanza of a poem, the form is known as? Strophic. When a composer writes new music for each stanza of a poem, the form is known as? Through-composed. Schuberts songs number more than? 600. Schubert was eighteen years old when he composed the song Erlkà ¶nig, set to a poem by? Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The form of The Erlking is? Through-composed. The Erlking, in Schuberts song of that name, is a romantic personification of? Death. The pianos relentless rhythm in Erlkà ¶nig (The Erlking) unifies the episodes of the song and suggests the? Galloping horse. How does Schubert portray a galloping horse in the piano introduction? Fast repeated notes. In the first section we hear the narrator describing the father riding on the horse, his sick child in his arms. Then after a brief piano passage, the father sings (beginning with the words Mein Sohn..) and is answered by his son. How does Schubert distinguish between father and son in the music? The father sings lower pitches. In this section we hear The Erlking sing for the first time. What is different about his music? All three are different. during the next section of the song you will hear the son cry out Mein Vater, Mein Vater three times. How do these three cries differ? Each is higher in pitch. In this final section the narrator tells the end of the story. We hear the horse slow down as the father arrives at his destination. How does the piano accompany the dramatic ending line In seinen armen das Kind war todt (in his arms the child was dead)? 3 chords. During the first ten years of his creative life, Robert Schumann published only? Piano pieces. Clara Wieck Schumann frequently performed the works of her husband and of her close friend? Johannes Brahms A leading pianist of the nineteenth century, Clara Wieck Schumann? Did some composing, but considered herself primarily a performer. Romanze (romance) in the nineteenth century was often used for a(n)? Short, lyrical piece for piano or solo instrument with piano accompaniment. Chopin expressed his love of Poland by composing polonaises and? Mazurkas. While in Paris, Chopin? Earned a good living by teaching piano to the daughters of the rich. Most of Chopins pieces? Are exquisite miniatures. A slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano, associated with evening and night time, is the? nocturne. A study piece, designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties, is known as? An etude. Which of the following statements is not true? Chopins piano à ©tudes, compositions designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties, are primarily technical exercises without much musical value. As a youth, Franz Liszt was influenced by the performances of? Niccolà ² Paganini. Until the age of thirty-six, Franz Liszt toured Europe as a virtuoso? Pianoist. Liszt abandoned his career as a traveling virtuoso to become court conductor at __________, where he championed works by contemporary composers. Weimar. Liszts piano works are characterized by? An unprecedented range of dynamics, rapid octaves and daring leaps, and arpeggios Liszt typified the romantic movement because he? Had a charismatic personality, was a stupendous performer, and was an innovative composer. Liszt created the ______________, a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. Symphonic poem. The Stars and Stripes Forever by? J.P. Sousa Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, I Dvork. Adagio. Allegro Molto. Le Sacre du printemps, Part I, Introduction Stravinsky Concerto for Orchestra Bartok. A ____________ is an instrumental composition in several movements based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. Program symphony A ________________ is a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. Symphonic poem. The composer who developed the symphonic poem was? Franz Liszt. Music intended to be performed before and during a play to set the mood for scenes or highlight dramatic action is known as? Incidental music. In order to support his family, Berlioz turned to? Musicial journalism. Outside France, Berlioz enjoyed a great career as a(n)? Conductor. Berlioz was extraordinarily imaginative in treating the orchestra, creating ____________ never before heard. Tone colors. The contrasting episodes of Berliozs Fantastic Symphony are unified by the recurrence of a theme known as the? Idà ©e fixe. The fourth movement of Berliozs Fantastic Symphony depicts a? March to the scaffold. The citizens sense of national identify and patriotic feelings were intensified by? Romanticism, which glorified love for ones national heritage, common bonds of language, culture, and history. Also military resistance to Napoleon. Composers expressed musical nationalism in their music by? Using the rhythms of the dances of their homelands, using their national legends as subject matter, and basing their music on the folk songs of their country. Which of the following statements is not true? The strongest impact of musical nationalism was felt in Italy, France, Germany, and Austria. The founder of Czech national music was? BedÃ…â„¢ich Smetana. Even though Smetana was deaf at the time, he composed a musical work depicting Bohemias main river as it flows through the countryside. The name of the river, and the musical composition, is the? Moldau. Verdis first great success, an opera with strong political overtones, was? Nabucco. Critics were often scandalized by the subject matter of Verdis operas because they? Seemed to condone rape, suicide, and free love. Giuseppe Verdi mainly composed his operas to? Entertain a mass public. The soul of a Verdi opera is? Expressive vocal melody. Verdis later operas differ from his earlier ones in that they have? Less difference between aria and recitative, greater musical continuity, and more imaginative orchestrations. An artistic trend of the 1890s, in which operas dealt with ordinary people and true-to-life situations, was known as? Verismo. Some of Puccinis operas feature exoticism, as in his use of melodic and rhythmic elements derived from Japanese and Chinese music in his operas? Madame Butterfly and Turandot. Giacomo Puccinis opera La Bohà ¨me takes place in? Paris. In Puccinis La Bohà ¨me, Rodolfo is a young? Poet. Mimi and Rodolfo meet for the first time in La Bohà ¨me because she has come to his door to ask for a? Light for her candle. Who sings the aria Che gelida manina (What a cold little hand) in La Bohà ¨me? Rodolfo. The composer who had an overwhelming influence on the young Wagner was? Ludwig van Beethoven. The librettos to The Ring of the Nibelung were written by? Wagner himself. A short musical idea associated with a person, object, or thought, used by Richard Wagner in his operas, is called? Leitmotif. Valhalla, in Wagners Ring cycle, is? Wotans castle. At the end of the first act of Wagners opera Die Walkà ¼re, what happens? Sieglinde recognizes the stranger as her brother and renames him Siegmund, Siegmund draws the magical sword Nothung from the tree, and Siegmund embraces Sieglinde with passionate fervor. Which of the following statements is not true? Twentieth-century music follows the same general principles of musical structure as earlier periods. The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of? Igor Stravinskys The Rite of Spring. Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from? Folk and popular music from all cultures, the music of Asia and Africa, and European art music from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth century. In twentieth-century music, what? String players are sometimes called on to use the wood instead of the hair on their bows, percussion instruments have become very prominent and numerous, and dissonance has been emancipated. The glissando, a technique widely used in the twentieth century, is? A rapid slide up or down a scale. In modern music, what? Instruments are played at the very top or bottom of their ranges, uncommon playing techniques have become normal, and noiselike and percussive sounds are often used. The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as? A polychord. A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as? A tone cluster. To create fresh sounds, twentieth-century composers used? Scales borrowed from nonwestern cultures, scales they themselves invented, and ancient church modes. The technique of using two or more tonal centers at the same time is called? Polytonality. The absence of key or tonality in a musical composition is known as? Atonality. The use of two or more contrasting and independent rhythms at the same time is known as? Polyrhythm. Ostinato refers to a? Motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section. Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the? 1920s. The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menottis? Amahl and the Night Visitors. Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in? France. The most important impressionist composer was? Claude Debussy. Which of the following characteristics is not usually associated with impressionism? Clearly delineated forms. Debussys music tends to? Sound free and almost improvisational. Impressionism in music is characterized by? A stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity. A scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next is called a ________ scale. Whole-tone. The poem that inspired the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun was written by? Stà ©phane Mallarmà ©. The faun evoked in Debussys famous composition is a? Creature who is half man, half goat. The neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years? 1920-1950. Which of the following is not characteristic of neoclassicism? Misty atmosphere. Neoclassical compositions are characterized by? Forms and stylistic features of earlier periods. Neoclassicism was a reaction against? Romanticism and impressionism. Stravinskys life took a sudden turn in 1909, when he met the director of the Russian Ballet, which is who? Sergei Diaghilev. The immense success of Stravinskys 1910 ballet ________ established him as a leading young composer. The Firebird. The famous riot in 1913 was caused by the first performance of Stravinskys ballet? The Rite of Spring Stravinskys enormous influence on twentieth-century music is due to his innovations in? Rhythm, harmony, and tone color. During the period about 1920 to 1951, Stravinsky drew inspiration largely from? Eighteenth-century music. In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style to favor? The twelve-tone system. The deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds is known as? Primitivism. Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) is an example of? Primitivism. Igor Stravinskys Rite of Spring is scored for? An enormous orchestra. The expressionist movement in music and art flourished in the years? 1905-1925. The twentieth-century artistic movement that stressed intense, subjective emotion was called? Expressionism. Expressionism as an artistic movement was largely centered in? Germany and Austria. Which of the following statements is not true? Expressionist artists favored pleasant subjects, delicate pastel colors, and shimmering surfaces. Expressionism is an art concerned with? Social protest. The expressionists rejected? Conventional prettiness. Expressionist composers did what? Avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions. Schoenbergs teacher was? Himself. Alban Berg and Anton Webern were Arnold Schoenbergs? Students. When Schoenberg arrived in the United States after the Nazis seized power in Germany, he obtained a teaching position at? UCLA Schoenberg developed an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called? Sprechstimme. The ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in a twelve-tone composition is called a? Series, tone row, and set. The text of A Survivor from Warsaw was/is? Written by Schoenberg, is partly based on a direct report of a survivor of the Warsaw ghetto, and is set to a kind of speech-singing. A Survivor from Warsaw used three languages: English, German, and? Hebrew. Alban Bergs most famous work is his opera? Wozzeck. Weberns melodic lines are? atomized into two- or three-note fragments. Weberns Five Pieces for Orchestra are scored for? A chamber orchestra of eighteen soloists. A great twentieth-century composer who was also a leading scholar of the folk music of his native land was? Bà ©la Bartà ³k. Bà ©la Bartà ³ks principal performing medium was? The piano. From 1907 to 1934 Bà ©la Bartà ³k taught __________ at the Budapest Academy of Music, and gave recitals throughout Europe. Piano. Bà ©la Bartà ³k was a leading authority on? Peasant music. Bà ©la Bartà ³k evolved a completely individual style that fused folk elements with? Changes of meter and a powerful beat, twentieth-century sounds, and classical forms. While not rejecting any influence, Bà ©la Bartà ³k emphasized that the strongest influence on his music was? Hungarian. While remaining within the framework of a tonal center, Bà ©la Bartà ³k often used _________ in his music. Harsh dissonances, polychords, and tone clusters. Bà ©la Bartà ³ks Concerto for Orchestra is or did what? Is his most popular work, received its title because it was written for an orchestra of virtuosi, and is romantic in spirit because of its emotional intensity, memorable themes, and vivid contrasts of mood.